In Deacon process, Hydrogen chloride gas is convert to chlorine gas, by oxidation using oxygen:ĤHCl + O 2 → 2 Cl 2 + 2 H 2O Chlorine Historyĭiscovery and first isolation: Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1774) in Uppsala (Sweden) Chlorine UsesĬhlorine is a disinfectant, that kills bacteria. Sulfur reacts with excess Cl 2, and forming sulfur (I) chloride or sulfur (II) chloride:Ĭhlorine is produced by electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolved in water, and gives chlorine with hydrogen gas & sodium hydroxide.Ģ NaCl + 2 H 2O (l) → Cl 2 + H 2 + 2 NaOH
Phosphorus reacts with excess Cl 2, and forming phosphorus chloride: Hydrogen reacts with Cl 2, and forming chloride, where the speed of reaction increase with increasing of temperature, even the reaction can be explosive under the right conditions.
Reacts with hot aqueous alkali, and forming Chlorate (ClO 3 –).ģ Cl 2 (g) + 6 OH – (aq) → ClO 3 – (aq) + 5 Cl – (aq) + 3 H 2O (l) Iodide reacts with chlorine, and forming ClI:Ĭl 2 (g) + I 2 (g) → 2 ClI (s) (Chlorine iodide) When reacts with water, it forms hypochlorite (ClO –), where the position of equilibrium depends upon the pH of the solution.Ĭl 2 (g) + H 2O (l) ⇌ OCl – (aq) + 2 H + (aq) + Cl – (aq)įluorine Reacts with chlorine at 225 oC, and forming ClF & ClF 3:Ĭl 2 (g) + F 2 (g) → 2 ClF (g) (Chlorine (I) fluoride)Ĭl 2 (g) + 3 F 2 (g) → 2 ClF 3 (g) (Chlorine (III) fluoride)įluorine reacts at 225 oC & 225 Atm pressure, and forms ClF 5:Ĭl 2 (g) + 5 F 2 (g) → 2 ClF 5 (g) (Chlorine (V) fluoride)īromine reacts with chlorine, and forming ClBr:Ĭl 2 (g) + Br 2 (g) → 2 ClBr (g) (Bromine chloride) It doesn’t react with oxygen & nitrogen, but reacts with carbon monoxide (CO), and forming COCl 2: Grid parameters: a=6.29 Å b=4.5 Å c=8.21 ÅĮlectron affinity: 349 kJ/mol Nuclear Properties of Chlorine Ionization energies: 1st: 1251 kJ.mol 2nd: 2298 kJ/mol 3rd: 3822 kJ/mol Sound Speed: 206 m/s Atomic Properties of Chlorine Molar magnetic susceptibility: -0.511×10 -9 m 3/mol Physical Properties of Chlorineĭensity: 3.2 g/cm 3 (In STP) 1.562 g/cm 3 (In Liquid at B.P) Mass magnetic susceptibility: -7.2×10 -9 m 3/kg Volume magnetic susceptibility: -2.31×10 -8 Magnetic susceptibility (x mol): -40.5×10 -6 cm 3/mol Thermal conductivity: 8.9×10 -3 W/(m∙K) Electrical properties of ChlorineĪ Electrical type: Insulator Magnetic Properties of Chlorine Molar heat capacity: 33.950 J/(mol.K) (Cl 2) When quantifying chlorine fit in this way, turn off the Cl2p 1/2 components for each chemical state in the main peak table.Chlorine Electron Configuration Thermal Properties of Chlorine.Peak fit is with two sets of spin-orbit components one set for each chemical state. Example below from a sample with chloride and organic Cl.Each chemical state has two spin-orbit split peaks (compared to oxygen, for example, which has one component for each chemical state).Check for presence of Cl2s peak in survey spectrum and spin-orbit splitting in Cl2p high resolution spectrum to confirm assignment.For chlorine-containing polymers which may be sensitive to X-ray exposure, acquire C1s and Cl2p regions first before moving onto survey and/or other elemental regions.Polymer materials containing Cl may degrade during X-ray irradiation or argon ion sputtering, losing chlorine.In the presence of high selenium or arsenic concentrations, acquire Cl2s as well as (or instead of) Si2p peak.
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